Urothelial Carcinoma (Transitional Cell)

Overview

Urothelial carcinoma is the most common bladder cancer, arising from transitional epithelium.

Symptoms

• •Painless hematuria
• •Frequent urination
• •Urinary urgency
• •Pelvic pain (advanced)

Stages

Diagnosis

• ✓Urine cytology
• ✓Cystoscopy
• ✓TURBT
• ✓CT urography
• ✓Biopsy

Treatments

• →TURBT + intravesical BCG
• →Radical cystectomy
• →Chemotherapy
• →Immunotherapy (PD-1)

Risk Factors